综合英语(二)重点语法：从句(1)

从句

定语从句

注意关系代词that的使用

A.先行词为all everything nothing something anything little much 等不定代词时用that

e.g----A hobby can be almost anything that a person likes to do in his spare time.

----A hobby is something that we like to do in our spare time.

B.先行词被all every no some any little much 修饰时用that

e.g----I’ve read all the books that you gave me.

C.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时用that

e.g----This is the first composition that he has written in English.

----This is the best novel that I have ever read.

D.先行词被the only the very the same the last 修饰时用that

e.g----The last place that we visited was the chemical works.

----The white flowers is the only one that I really like.

----This is the very book that I want to find.

E.当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时用that

e.g.----He talked about the teachers and school that he had visited.

F.当主句是who或which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句要用that

e.g----Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

----Which of us that know something about physics does not know this?

关系代词除连接句子外，一般在从句中做主语，宾语或定语

由关系副词引导的定语从句

能引导定语从句的关系副词有

when= in which, on which, at which

where=in which, at which, on which

why=for which

e.g----That is the reason why I did it.

----The school where I’m studying is a key school.

----The time has come when ordinary people can use computer.

带介词的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词可以作介词的宾语，形成带介词的定语从句。这种结构有两种：

从句由“介词+which”(表示事和物)

从句由“介词+which”(表示人)

e.g----The man to/with whom he is talking is a teacher.

----The school in/at which I am studying is a key school.

解题要诀：

掌握常用介词的基本用法

掌握常用动词，形容词与介词之间的固定搭配

非限定性定语从句

1.当指物时，不能用that只能用which

2.which有时用来指整个句子或句子的一部分。

e.g. He died suddenly, which made her very sad.

he said last night he went to sleep with his clothes on, which was very uncomfortable.

关系词的使用一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中的作用，在此基础上熟记几个常用的固定句式，如：the same … as , such … as…

The film is the same as we have expected.

关系词在句中做定语 – whose

应该熟悉关系词做定语时的各种变体。

the office whose windows are broken

the office the windows of which are broken

“介词 + which/whom”的结构做关系词

A. 介词是句中短语搭配的一部分 ,如pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

B. “部分 + of + 整体名词”的结构，该结构做关系词也就是 “部分名词 + of which/whom”的结构。

Her two brothers, both of whom work in Scotland, ring her up every week.

We will have a party in the room, the window of which has been broken.

C. 另一种介词是表示范围的介词

He has composed many pieces of music popular with young people, ____ which this is an example.

of

D. 有时介词与先行词构成短语

It is useful to be able to predict the extent ____ which a price change will affect supply and demand.

A. from B. with C. to D. for

C. to